干细胞技术的最新进展

兰花粥

Recent advances in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology allow researchers to take a patient's skin or blood cells, reprogram them into an immature, embryonic-like state, and then differentiate them into particular tissues. This technology could open doors for truly personalized medicine and drug discovery.

诱导多能干细胞技术的最新进展使得研究人员能够提取病人的皮肤或者血液细胞，将其重新编码成为未分化的类胚胎状态，然后诱导分化为特定的人体组织。这项技术也许为真正意义上的个性化医疗和药物开发打开了一扇门。

Shinya Yamanaka and John Gurdon were awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize in Medicine for the discovery that differentiated cells in the body can be reprogrammed. These findings have opened up new possibilities for what is called "disease in a dish" — using human cells to establish a patient-specific model of disease. This makes it possible to directly test drugs on the patient's cells, which have been reprogrammed and differentiated into the specific cell type that is most affected by the disease. This approach could be used for drug discovery, and ultimately to inform physicians on the best means to treat the patient.

山中伸弥和John Gurdon因为发现已分化细胞在体内可以重新编程而获得2012诺贝尔医学（生理学）奖。这些发现使得“培养皿中的疾病（研究）”—利用人体细胞建立某个疾病病人的特定模型成为可能。也使得针对病人已经编码分化为特定形式并受疾病影响严重的细胞直接进行药物测试成为可能。这种方法可能用于药物开发，最终为病人确定最佳治疗措施。

Laboratory for generation, utilization of iPSCs established at Emory

iPSCs培育、利用实验室在埃默里大学建立

Emory University School of Medicine, through the Office of the Executive Dean for Research, has established a laboratory dedicated to the generation and utilization of iPSCs for translational research and drug screening.

埃默里大学医学院，通过行政院长（研究方面）办公室，建立了一个致力于培育、利用iPSCs进行（细胞）转化研究和药物筛选的实验室。

The Laboratory of Translational Cell Biology (LTCB) will specialize in neurological disorders such as:

该实验室名为转化细胞生物实验室，将专门从事神经系统疾病研究，比如：

·           fragile X syndrome X染色体易损综合征

·           Autism自闭症（孤独症）

·           spinal muscular atrophy脊髓性肌萎缩（SMA）

·           Alzheimer's disease阿尔茨海默症

·           amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.肌萎缩侧索硬化（ALS）

The LTCB is also conducting research on the use of iPSCs to study genetic defects that cause infertility. A particular area of interest is diseases with impairments in cell structure and dynamics, which need the use of microscope-based assays to visualize disease processes and identify how drugs may restore cell function.

该实验室也将利用iPSCs进行因为遗传缺陷导致的不孕症方面的研究。对细胞结构和动力学损害方面的疾病领域有特别的兴趣，这需要在显微镜下建立形象的疾病进展图景，从而确定药物能否修复细胞功能。

The LTCB will develop iPSCs as tools for research and drug screening, rather than introducing iPSCs into patients as therapies. In addition, the culture of iPSCs does not involve the destruction or manipulation of human embryos.

该实验室将发展iPSCs作为工具进行药物筛选研究，而不是将iPSCs直接作为疗法用于病人。另外，iPSCs的培育过程不会对人体胚胎进行破坏或者操作。

The Scientific Director of the LTCB is Gary Bassell, professor of cell biology and neurology at Emory University School of Medicine. The associate director is Wilfried Rossoll, assistant professor of cell biology.

实验室科学主任Gary Bassell，埃默里大学医学院细胞生物学和神经病学教授。副主任Wilfried Rossoll，细胞生物学助理教授。

"iPSC technology will be especially helpful in situations where an animal model is not available or does not accurately reproduce aspects of a disease," Rossoll says. "In addition, it could allow us to establish in vitro models for human neurologic disease, since it's not possible to take biopsy material from the spinal cord or the brain."

“iPSC技术将对缺乏动物模型或者无法精确再现疾病的情形特别有帮助” Rossoll说，“同时，因为我们不可能从病人脊髓和大脑提取活体组织，这使得我们有可能建立人类神经疾病体外模型”

A new faculty member in the Department of Cell Biology has joined the LTCB: Charles Easley, a stem cell biologist. While working at the University of Pittsburgh with Gerald Schatten, Easley was able to coax iPSCs into becoming sperm precursor cells. The results were recently published in the journal Cell Reports. Easley has expertise to derive and characterize human iPSCs, and will play an important leadership role to facilitate collaborations between the LTCB with Emory faculty.

细胞生物系一个新成员已经加入该实验室：Charles Easley，干细胞生物学家，同时在匹兹堡大学与Gerald Schatten一起工作。Easley可以将iPSCs诱导为精子前体细胞，研究结果最近发表在《细胞报道》。Easley的专长是导出并描述人体iPSCs特征，他将在促进实验室与埃默里教员的协作方面扮演重要的领导角色。

Bassell, Rossoll and Easley say they will plan activities and partnerships for the LTCB such as:

Bassell、Rossoll和Easley表示，他们将为实验室计划如下活动和伙伴关系:

·           Organizing joint workshops on iPS cell technology with stem cell laboratories at Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Georgia Tech;

·           与亚特兰大儿童健康护理（中心）和佐治亚大学干细胞实验室在iPS技术方面组织联合工作室。

·           Assisting investigators in deriving and characterizing new iPS cell lines from Emory patients; and

·           协作研究人员从埃默里病人那里获得并描述新的iPS细胞系。

·           Facilitating collaborations on the use of human iPSCs for drug screening at the Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center.

·           促进与埃默里生化研究中心在利用人类iPSCs进行药物筛选的协作。

来源：http://news.emory.edu/stories/2012/11/ips_cells_translational_cell_bio/campus.html

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